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SameBoy/Core/display.c

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#include <stdbool.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "gb.h"
#include "display.h"
#ifdef _WIN32
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500
#include <Windows.h>
#endif
typedef struct __attribute__((packed)) {
uint8_t y;
uint8_t x;
uint8_t tile;
uint8_t flags;
} GB_sprite_t;
static uint32_t get_pixel(GB_gameboy_t *gb, uint8_t x, uint8_t y)
{
/*
Bit 7 - LCD Display Enable (0=Off, 1=On)
Bit 6 - Window Tile Map Display Select (0=9800-9BFF, 1=9C00-9FFF)
Bit 5 - Window Display Enable (0=Off, 1=On)
Bit 4 - BG & Window Tile Data Select (0=8800-97FF, 1=8000-8FFF)
Bit 3 - BG Tile Map Display Select (0=9800-9BFF, 1=9C00-9FFF)
Bit 2 - OBJ (Sprite) Size (0=8x8, 1=8x16)
Bit 1 - OBJ (Sprite) Display Enable (0=Off, 1=On)
Bit 0 - BG Display (for CGB see below) (0=Off, 1=On)
*/
uint16_t map = 0x1800;
uint8_t tile = 0;
uint8_t attributes = 0;
uint8_t sprite_palette = 0;
uint16_t tile_address = 0;
uint8_t background_pixel = 0, sprite_pixel = 0;
GB_sprite_t *sprite = (GB_sprite_t *) &gb->oam;
uint8_t sprites_in_line = 0;
bool lcd_8_16_mode = (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LCDC] & 4) != 0;
bool sprites_enabled = (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LCDC] & 2) != 0;
uint8_t lowest_sprite_x = 0xFF;
bool use_obp1 = false, priority = false;
bool in_window = false;
bool window_enabled = (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LCDC] & 0x20);
bool bg_enabled = true;
bool bg_behind = false;
if ((gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LCDC] & 0x1) == 0) {
if (gb->cgb_mode) {
bg_behind = true;
}
else if (gb->is_cgb) { /* CGB in DMG mode*/
bg_enabled = window_enabled = false;
}
else {
/* DMG */
bg_enabled = false;
}
}
if (gb->effective_window_enabled && window_enabled) { /* Window Enabled */
if (y >= gb->effective_window_y && x + 7 >= gb->io_registers[GB_IO_WX]) {
in_window = true;
}
}
if (sprites_enabled) {
// Loop all sprites
for (uint8_t i = 40; i--; sprite++) {
int sprite_y = sprite->y - 16;
int sprite_x = sprite->x - 8;
// Is sprite in our line?
if (sprite_y <= y && sprite_y + (lcd_8_16_mode? 16:8) > y) {
uint8_t tile_x, tile_y, current_sprite_pixel;
uint16_t line_address;
// Limit to 10 sprites in one scan line.
if (++sprites_in_line == 11) break;
// Does not overlap our pixel.
if (sprite_x > x || sprite_x + 8 <= x) continue;
tile_x = x - sprite_x;
tile_y = y - sprite_y;
if (sprite->flags & 0x20) tile_x = 7 - tile_x;
if (sprite->flags & 0x40) tile_y = (lcd_8_16_mode? 15:7) - tile_y;
line_address = (lcd_8_16_mode? sprite->tile & 0xFE : sprite->tile) * 0x10 + tile_y * 2;
if (gb->cgb_mode && (sprite->flags & 0x8)) {
line_address += 0x2000;
}
current_sprite_pixel = (((gb->vram[line_address ] >> ((~tile_x)&7)) & 1 ) |
((gb->vram[line_address + 1] >> ((~tile_x)&7)) & 1) << 1 );
/* From Pandocs:
When sprites with different x coordinate values overlap, the one with the smaller x coordinate
(closer to the left) will have priority and appear above any others. This applies in Non CGB Mode
only. When sprites with the same x coordinate values overlap, they have priority according to table
ordering. (i.e. $FE00 - highest, $FE04 - next highest, etc.) In CGB Mode priorities are always
assigned like this.
*/
if (current_sprite_pixel != 0) {
if (!gb->cgb_mode && sprite->x >= lowest_sprite_x) {
break;
}
sprite_pixel = current_sprite_pixel;
lowest_sprite_x = sprite->x;
use_obp1 = (sprite->flags & 0x10) != 0;
sprite_palette = sprite->flags & 7;
priority = (sprite->flags & 0x80) != 0;
if (gb->cgb_mode) {
break;
}
}
}
}
}
if (in_window) {
x -= gb->io_registers[GB_IO_WX] - 7;
y -= gb->effective_window_y;
}
else {
x += gb->effective_scx;
y += gb->io_registers[GB_IO_SCY];
}
if (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LCDC] & 0x08 && !in_window) {
map = 0x1C00;
}
else if (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LCDC] & 0x40 && in_window) {
map = 0x1C00;
}
tile = gb->vram[map + x/8 + y/8 * 32];
if (gb->cgb_mode) {
attributes = gb->vram[map + x/8 + y/8 * 32 + 0x2000];
}
if (attributes & 0x80) {
priority = !bg_behind && bg_enabled;
}
if (!priority && sprite_pixel) {
if (!gb->cgb_mode) {
sprite_pixel = (gb->io_registers[use_obp1? GB_IO_OBP1:GB_IO_OBP0] >> (sprite_pixel << 1)) & 3;
sprite_palette = use_obp1;
}
return gb->sprite_palletes_rgb[sprite_palette * 4 + sprite_pixel];
}
if (bg_enabled) {
if (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LCDC] & 0x10) {
tile_address = tile * 0x10;
}
else {
tile_address = (int8_t) tile * 0x10 + 0x1000;
}
if (attributes & 0x8) {
tile_address += 0x2000;
}
if (attributes & 0x20) {
x = ~x;
}
if (attributes & 0x40) {
y = ~y;
}
background_pixel = (((gb->vram[tile_address + (y & 7) * 2 ] >> ((~x)&7)) & 1 ) |
((gb->vram[tile_address + (y & 7) * 2 + 1] >> ((~x)&7)) & 1) << 1 );
}
if (priority && sprite_pixel && !background_pixel) {
if (!gb->cgb_mode) {
sprite_pixel = (gb->io_registers[use_obp1? GB_IO_OBP1:GB_IO_OBP0] >> (sprite_pixel << 1)) & 3;
sprite_palette = use_obp1;
}
return gb->sprite_palletes_rgb[sprite_palette * 4 + sprite_pixel];
}
if (!gb->cgb_mode) {
background_pixel = ((gb->io_registers[GB_IO_BGP] >> (background_pixel << 1)) & 3);
}
return gb->background_palletes_rgb[(attributes & 7) * 4 + background_pixel];
}
static int64_t get_nanoseconds(void)
{
#ifndef _WIN32
struct timeval now;
gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
return (now.tv_usec) * 1000 + now.tv_sec * 1000000000L;
#else
FILETIME time;
GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&time);
return (((int64_t)time.dwHighDateTime << 32) | time.dwLowDateTime) * 100L;
#endif
}
static void nsleep(uint64_t nanoseconds)
{
#ifndef _WIN32
struct timespec sleep = {0, nanoseconds};
nanosleep(&sleep, NULL);
#else
HANDLE timer;
LARGE_INTEGER time;
timer = CreateWaitableTimer(NULL, true, NULL);
time.QuadPart = -(nanoseconds / 100L);
SetWaitableTimer(timer, &time, 0, NULL, NULL, false);
WaitForSingleObject(timer, INFINITE);
CloseHandle(timer);
#endif
}
// Todo: FPS capping should not be related to vblank, as the display is not always on, and this causes "jumps"
// when switching the display on and off.
void display_vblank(GB_gameboy_t *gb)
{
/* Called every Gameboy vblank. Does FPS-capping and calls user's vblank callback if Turbo Mode allows. */
if (gb->turbo && !gb->turbo_dont_skip) {
int64_t nanoseconds = get_nanoseconds();
if (nanoseconds <= gb->last_vblank + FRAME_LENGTH) {
return;
}
gb->last_vblank = nanoseconds;
}
/*
static long start = 0;
static long last = 0;
static long frames = 0;
if (last == 0) {
last = time(NULL);
}
if (last != time(NULL)) {
last = time(NULL);
if (start == 0) {
start = last;
frames = 0;
}
printf("Average FPS: %f\n", frames / (double)(last - start));
}
frames++;
*/
if (!(gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LCDC] & 0x80) || gb->stopped) {
/* LCD is off, memset screen to white */
memset(gb->screen, 0xFF, 160 * 144 * 4);
}
gb->vblank_callback(gb);
if (!gb->turbo) {
int64_t nanoseconds = get_nanoseconds();
if (labs((signed long)(nanoseconds - gb->last_vblank)) < FRAME_LENGTH ) {
nsleep(FRAME_LENGTH + gb->last_vblank - nanoseconds);
gb->last_vblank += FRAME_LENGTH;
}
else {
gb->last_vblank = nanoseconds;
}
}
gb->vblank_just_occured = true;
}
static inline uint8_t scale_channel(uint8_t x)
{
x &= 0x1f;
return (x << 3) | (x >> 2);
}
void GB_palette_changed(GB_gameboy_t *gb, bool background_palette, uint8_t index)
{
uint8_t *palette_data = background_palette? gb->background_palletes_data : gb->sprite_palletes_data;
uint16_t color = palette_data[index & ~1] | (palette_data[index | 1] << 8);
// No need to &, scale channel does that.
uint8_t r = scale_channel(color);
uint8_t g = scale_channel(color >> 5);
uint8_t b = scale_channel(color >> 10);
assert (gb->rgb_encode_callback);
(background_palette? gb->background_palletes_rgb : gb->sprite_palletes_rgb)[index / 2] = gb->rgb_encode_callback(gb, r, g, b);
}
/*
Each line is 456 cycles, approximately:
Mode 2 - 80 cycles / OAM Transfer
Mode 3 - 172 cycles / Rendering
Mode 0 - 204 cycles / HBlank
Mode 1 is VBlank
Todo: Mode lengths are not constants, see http://blog.kevtris.org/blogfiles/Nitty%20Gritty%20Gameboy%20VRAM%20Timing.txt
*/
#define MODE2_LENGTH (80)
#define MODE3_LENGTH (172)
#define MODE0_LENGTH (204)
#define LINE_LENGTH (MODE2_LENGTH + MODE3_LENGTH + MODE0_LENGTH) // = 456
void GB_display_run(GB_gameboy_t *gb)
{
/*
Display controller bug: For some reason, the OAM STAT interrupt is called, as expected, for LY = 0..143.
However, it is also called from LY = 144.
See http://forums.nesdev.com/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=13727
*/
/*
STAT interrupt is implemented based on this finding:
http://board.byuu.org/phpbb3/viewtopic.php?p=25527#p25531
*/
uint8_t previous_stat_interrupt_line = gb->stat_interrupt_line;
gb->stat_interrupt_line = false;
uint8_t last_mode = gb->io_registers[GB_IO_STAT] & 3;
gb->io_registers[GB_IO_STAT] &= ~3;
if (gb->display_cycles >= LCDC_PERIOD) {
/* VBlank! */
gb->display_cycles -= LCDC_PERIOD;
display_vblank(gb);
}
if (!(gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LCDC] & 0x80)) {
/* LCD is disabled, do nothing */
/* Some games expect LY to be zero when the LCD is off.
Todo: Verify this behavior.
Keep in mind that this only affects the value being read from the Gameboy, not the actualy display state.
This also explains why the coincidence interrupt triggers when LYC = 0 and LY = 153. */
gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LY] = 0;
return;
}
gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LY] = gb->display_cycles / LINE_LENGTH;
/* Todo: This behavior is seen in BGB and it fixes some ROMs with delicate timing, such as Hitman's 8bit.
This should be verified to be correct on a real gameboy. */
if (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LY] == 153 && gb->display_cycles % LINE_LENGTH > 8) {
gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LY] = 0;
}
gb->io_registers[GB_IO_STAT] &= ~4;
if (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LY] == gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LYC]) {
gb->io_registers[GB_IO_STAT] |= 4;
if (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_STAT] & 0x40) {
/* User requests LYC interrupt. */
gb->stat_interrupt_line = true;
}
}
if (gb->display_cycles >= LINE_LENGTH * 144) { /* VBlank */
gb->io_registers[GB_IO_STAT] |= 1; /* Set mode to 1 */
gb->effective_window_enabled = false;
gb->effective_window_y = 0xFF;
if (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_STAT] & 16) { /* User requests an interrupt on VBlank*/
gb->stat_interrupt_line = true;
}
if (last_mode != 1) {
gb->io_registers[GB_IO_IF] |= 1;
}
// LY = 144 interrupt bug
if (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LY] == 144 && !gb->is_cgb) {
/* User requests an interrupt on Mode 2 */
if (gb->display_cycles % LINE_LENGTH < MODE2_LENGTH && gb->io_registers[GB_IO_STAT] & 0x20) { // Mode 2
gb->stat_interrupt_line = true;
}
}
goto updateSTAT;
}
// Todo: verify this window behavior. It is assumed from the expected behavior of 007 - The World Is Not Enough.
if ((gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LCDC] & 0x20) && gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LY] == gb->io_registers[GB_IO_WY]) {
gb->effective_window_enabled = true;
}
if (gb->display_cycles % LINE_LENGTH < MODE2_LENGTH) { /* Mode 2 */
gb->io_registers[GB_IO_STAT] |= 2; /* Set mode to 2 */
if (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_STAT] & 0x20) { /* User requests an interrupt on Mode 2 */
gb->stat_interrupt_line = true;
}
/* See above comment about window behavior. */
if (gb->effective_window_enabled && gb->effective_window_y == 0xFF) {
gb->effective_window_y = gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LY];
}
gb->effective_scx = gb->io_registers[GB_IO_SCX];
gb->previous_lcdc_x = - (gb->effective_scx & 0x7);
goto updateSTAT;
}
/* Render. This chunk is outside the Mode 3 if, because otherwise we might not render some pixels, since this
function only runs between atomic CPU changes, and not every clock. */
if (!gb->disable_rendering) {
int16_t current_lcdc_x = ((gb->display_cycles % LINE_LENGTH - MODE2_LENGTH) & ~7) - (gb->effective_scx & 0x7);
for (;gb->previous_lcdc_x < current_lcdc_x; gb->previous_lcdc_x++) {
if (gb->previous_lcdc_x >= 160) {
continue;
}
if (gb->previous_lcdc_x < 0) {
continue;
}
gb->screen[gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LY] * 160 + gb->previous_lcdc_x] =
get_pixel(gb, gb->previous_lcdc_x, gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LY]);
}
}
if (gb->display_cycles % LINE_LENGTH < MODE2_LENGTH + MODE3_LENGTH) { /* Mode 3 */
gb->io_registers[GB_IO_STAT] |= 3; /* Set mode to 3 */
goto updateSTAT;
}
/* Mode 0*/
if (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_STAT] & 8) { /* User requests an interrupt on Mode 0 */
gb->stat_interrupt_line = true;
}
if (last_mode != 0) {
if (gb->hdma_on_hblank) {
gb->hdma_on = true;
gb->hdma_cycles = 0;
}
}
updateSTAT:
if (gb->stat_interrupt_line && !previous_stat_interrupt_line) {
gb->io_registers[GB_IO_IF] |= 2;
}
}
void GB_draw_tileset(GB_gameboy_t *gb, uint32_t *dest, GB_palette_type_t palette_type, uint8_t palette_index)
{
uint32_t none_palette[4];
uint32_t *palette = NULL;
switch (gb->is_cgb? palette_type : GB_PALETTE_NONE) {
default:
case GB_PALETTE_NONE:
none_palette[0] = gb->rgb_encode_callback(gb, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF);
none_palette[1] = gb->rgb_encode_callback(gb, 0xAA, 0xAA, 0xAA);
none_palette[2] = gb->rgb_encode_callback(gb, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55);
none_palette[3] = gb->rgb_encode_callback(gb, 0, 0, 0 );
palette = none_palette;
break;
case GB_PALETTE_BACKGROUND:
palette = gb->background_palletes_rgb + (4 * (palette_index & 7));
break;
case GB_PALETTE_OAM:
palette = gb->sprite_palletes_rgb + (4 * (palette_index & 7));
break;
}
for (unsigned y = 0; y < 192; y++) {
for (unsigned x = 0; x < 256; x++) {
if (x >= 128 && !gb->is_cgb) {
*(dest++) = gb->background_palletes_rgb[0];
continue;
}
uint16_t tile = (x % 128) / 8 + y / 8 * 16;
uint16_t tile_address = tile * 0x10 + (x >= 128? 0x2000 : 0);
uint8_t pixel = (((gb->vram[tile_address + (y & 7) * 2 ] >> ((~x)&7)) & 1 ) |
((gb->vram[tile_address + (y & 7) * 2 + 1] >> ((~x)&7)) & 1) << 1);
if (!gb->cgb_mode) {
if (palette_type == GB_PALETTE_BACKGROUND) {
pixel = ((gb->io_registers[GB_IO_BGP] >> (pixel << 1)) & 3);
}
else if (!gb->cgb_mode) {
if (palette_type == GB_PALETTE_OAM) {
pixel = ((gb->io_registers[palette_index == 0? GB_IO_OBP0 : GB_IO_OBP1] >> (pixel << 1)) & 3);
}
}
}
*(dest++) = palette[pixel];
}
}
}
void GB_draw_tilemap(GB_gameboy_t *gb, uint32_t *dest, GB_palette_type_t palette_type, uint8_t palette_index, GB_map_type_t map_type, GB_tileset_type_t tileset_type)
{
uint32_t none_palette[4];
uint32_t *palette = NULL;
uint16_t map = 0x1800;
switch (gb->is_cgb? palette_type : GB_PALETTE_NONE) {
case GB_PALETTE_NONE:
none_palette[0] = gb->rgb_encode_callback(gb, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF);
none_palette[1] = gb->rgb_encode_callback(gb, 0xAA, 0xAA, 0xAA);
none_palette[2] = gb->rgb_encode_callback(gb, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55);
none_palette[3] = gb->rgb_encode_callback(gb, 0, 0, 0 );
palette = none_palette;
break;
case GB_PALETTE_BACKGROUND:
palette = gb->background_palletes_rgb + (4 * (palette_index & 7));
break;
case GB_PALETTE_OAM:
palette = gb->sprite_palletes_rgb + (4 * (palette_index & 7));
break;
case GB_PALETTE_AUTO:
break;
}
if (map_type == GB_MAP_9C00 || (map_type == GB_MAP_AUTO && gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LCDC] & 0x08)) {
map = 0x1c00;
}
if (tileset_type == GB_TILESET_AUTO) {
tileset_type = (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LCDC] & 0x10)? GB_TILESET_8800 : GB_TILESET_8000;
}
for (unsigned y = 0; y < 256; y++) {
for (unsigned x = 0; x < 256; x++) {
uint8_t tile = gb->vram[map + x/8 + y/8 * 32];
uint16_t tile_address;
uint8_t attributes = 0;
if (tileset_type == GB_TILESET_8800) {
tile_address = tile * 0x10;
}
else {
tile_address = (int8_t) tile * 0x10 + 0x1000;
}
if (gb->cgb_mode) {
attributes = gb->vram[map + x/8 + y/8 * 32 + 0x2000];
}
if (attributes & 0x8) {
tile_address += 0x2000;
}
uint8_t pixel = (((gb->vram[tile_address + (((attributes & 0x40)? ~y : y) & 7) * 2 ] >> (((attributes & 0x20)? x : ~x)&7)) & 1 ) |
((gb->vram[tile_address + (((attributes & 0x40)? ~y : y) & 7) * 2 + 1] >> (((attributes & 0x20)? x : ~x)&7)) & 1) << 1);
if (!gb->cgb_mode && (palette_type == GB_PALETTE_BACKGROUND || palette_type == GB_PALETTE_AUTO)) {
pixel = ((gb->io_registers[GB_IO_BGP] >> (pixel << 1)) & 3);
}
if (palette) {
*(dest++) = palette[pixel];
}
else {
*(dest++) = gb->background_palletes_rgb[(attributes & 7) * 4 + pixel];
}
}
}
}
uint8_t GB_get_oam_info(GB_gameboy_t *gb, GB_oam_info_t *dest)
{
uint8_t count = 0;
unsigned sprite_height = (gb->io_registers[GB_IO_LCDC] & 4) ? 16:8;
uint8_t oam_to_dest_index[40] = {0,};
for (unsigned y = 0; y < 144; y++) {
GB_sprite_t *sprite = (GB_sprite_t *) &gb->oam;
uint8_t sprites_in_line = 0;
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 40; i++, sprite++) {
int sprite_y = sprite->y - 16;
bool obscured = false;
// Is sprite not in this line?
if (sprite_y > y || sprite_y + sprite_height <= y) continue;
if (++sprites_in_line == 11) obscured = true;
GB_oam_info_t *info = NULL;
if (!oam_to_dest_index[i]) {
info = dest + count;
oam_to_dest_index[i] = ++count;
info->x = sprite->x;
info->y = sprite->y;
info->tile = sprite_height == 16? sprite->tile & 0xFE : sprite->tile;
info->flags = sprite->flags;
info->obscured_by_line_limit = false;
info->oam_addr = 0xFE00 + i * sizeof(*sprite);
}
else {
info = dest + oam_to_dest_index[i] - 1;
}
info->obscured_by_line_limit |= obscured;
}
}
for (unsigned i = 0; i < count; i++) {
uint16_t vram_address = dest[i].tile * 0x10;
uint8_t flags = dest[i].flags;
uint8_t palette = gb->cgb_mode? (flags & 7) : ((flags & 0x10)? 1 : 0);
for (unsigned y = 0; y < sprite_height; y++) {
for (unsigned x = 0; x < 8; x++) {
uint8_t color = (((gb->vram[vram_address ] >> ((~x)&7)) & 1 ) |
((gb->vram[vram_address + 1] >> ((~x)&7)) & 1) << 1 );
if (!gb->cgb_mode) {
color = (gb->io_registers[palette? GB_IO_OBP1:GB_IO_OBP0] >> (color << 1)) & 3;
}
dest[i].image[((flags & 0x20)?7-x:x) + ((flags & 0x40)?sprite_height - 1 -y:y) * 8] = gb->sprite_palletes_rgb[palette * 4 + color];
}
vram_address += 2;
}
}
return count;
}
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